{
  "dataset": "software",
  "updated": "2026-08-27",
  "entities": [
    {
      "id": "ros-2",
      "name": "ROS 2 (Robot Operating System 2)",
      "org": "Open Source Robotics Alliance (OSRA) / Open Robotics (OSRF)",
      "org_country": "US",
      "category": "middleware",
      "license": "Apache-2.0",
      "open_source": true,
      "governance": "Comité technique de l'OSRA depuis avril 2024, supervisant le Project Management Committee de ROS sous l'autorité du conseil d'Open Robotics (OSRF).",
      "ros_support": true,
      "first_release": 2017,
      "latest_version": "Lyrical Luth (22 mai 2026, LTS jusqu'en mai 2031)",
      "notable_en": "ROS 2 is the de facto standard middleware of robotics: it carries messages between a robot's processes (sensor drivers, perception, planning, motor control) over a DDS or Zenoh transport layer. Since April 2024 its technical governance sits with the Open Source Robotics Alliance rather than a single company.",
      "notable_fr": "ROS 2 est le middleware standard de fait de la robotique : il transporte les messages entre les processus d'un robot (pilotes de capteurs, perception, planification, contrôle moteur) au-dessus d'une couche DDS ou Zenoh. Depuis avril 2024, sa gouvernance technique relève de l'Open Source Robotics Alliance et non d'une entreprise unique.",
      "trajectory": [
        {
          "date": "2017-12",
          "kind": "first_release",
          "direction": "neutral",
          "event_en": "First ROS 2 distribution, Ardent Apalone.",
          "event_fr": "Première distribution ROS 2, Ardent Apalone."
        },
        {
          "date": "2022-12-15",
          "kind": "governance_change",
          "direction": "neutral",
          "event_en": "Intrinsic, an Alphabet company, acquires the for-profit arms of Open Robotics. The nonprofit foundation continues separately and keeps the intellectual property of ROS, Gazebo and Open-RMF.",
          "event_fr": "Intrinsic, filiale d'Alphabet, rachète les structures à but lucratif d'Open Robotics. La fondation à but non lucratif continue séparément et conserve la propriété intellectuelle de ROS, Gazebo et Open-RMF."
        },
        {
          "date": "2024-03-18",
          "kind": "governance_change",
          "direction": "opening",
          "event_en": "Open Robotics announces the Open Source Robotics Alliance, a mixed-membership body giving companies and community a formal role in the technical direction of ROS, Gazebo and Open-RMF. It starts on 15 April 2024, fifteen months after the Alphabet acquisition : two moves in opposite directions.",
          "event_fr": "Open Robotics annonce l'Open Source Robotics Alliance, structure à adhésion mixte donnant aux entreprises et à la communauté un rôle formel dans l'orientation technique de ROS, Gazebo et Open-RMF. Elle démarre le 15 avril 2024, quinze mois après le rachat par Alphabet : deux mouvements de sens opposés."
        },
        {
          "date": "2025-05-31",
          "kind": "archived",
          "direction": "neutral",
          "event_en": "ROS 1 reaches end of life with its last distribution, Noetic Ninjemys, aligned on Ubuntu Focal losing standard support.",
          "event_fr": "ROS 1 atteint sa fin de vie avec sa dernière distribution, Noetic Ninjemys, alignée sur la fin du support standard d'Ubuntu Focal."
        }
      ],
      "used_by": [
        {
          "name": "NASA VIPER (rover lunaire)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Auterion (pile logicielle drones PX4)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "OTTO Motors (robots mobiles autonomes industriels)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Mission Robotics (véhicule sous-marin)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/ros2/ros2cli/blob/master/LICENSE",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel ros2/ros2cli",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "license",
            "open_source"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/ros2/ros2_documentation/blob/rolling/source/The-ROS2-Project/Governance.rst",
          "publisher": "ROS 2 documentation (dépôt officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "governance",
            "org"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.openrobotics.org/blog/2024/3/18/announcing-the-open-source-robotics-alliance-osra",
          "publisher": "Open Robotics",
          "date": "2024-03-18",
          "fields": [
            "governance",
            "org"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.openrobotics.org/foundation",
          "publisher": "Open Robotics",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "org_country"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/ros2/ros2_documentation/blob/rolling/source/Get-Started/Releases.rst",
          "publisher": "ROS 2 documentation (dépôt officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "latest_version"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://discourse.openrobotics.org/t/ros-2-ardent-apalone-released/3371",
          "publisher": "Open Robotics Discourse (équipe ROS 2)",
          "date": "2017-12-08",
          "fields": [
            "first_release"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.openrobotics.org/blog/2022/5/12/science-robotics-paper",
          "publisher": "Open Robotics",
          "date": "2022-05-12",
          "fields": [
            "used_by",
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.openrobotics.org/blog/2022/12/15/intrinsic-acquires-osrc-and-osrc-sg",
          "publisher": "Open Robotics (blog officiel)",
          "date": "2022-12-15",
          "fields": [
            "trajectory"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://discourse.openrobotics.org/t/ros-noetic-end-of-life-may-31-2025/43160",
          "publisher": "Open Robotics Discourse (ROS PMC)",
          "date": "2025-04-10",
          "fields": [
            "trajectory"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-08-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "cyclone-dds",
      "name": "Eclipse Cyclone DDS",
      "org": "Eclipse Foundation (projet Eclipse IoT), contributeur principal ZettaScale Technology",
      "org_country": "BE",
      "category": "transport",
      "license": "EPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause",
      "open_source": true,
      "governance": "Committers élus de l'Eclipse Foundation ; ZettaScale Technology est le principal contributeur de code.",
      "ros_support": true,
      "first_release": 2018,
      "latest_version": "11.0.1 (20 mars 2026)",
      "notable_en": "Cyclone DDS implements the OMG Data Distribution Service 1.4 standard (published March 2015) and is one of the middleware options officially supported by ROS 2. It is governed by the Eclipse Foundation, so no single vendor controls it.",
      "notable_fr": "Cyclone DDS met en œuvre le standard OMG Data Distribution Service 1.4 (publié en mars 2015) et fait partie des middlewares officiellement pris en charge par ROS 2. Il est gouverné par l'Eclipse Foundation : aucun éditeur unique ne le contrôle.",
      "used_by": [
        {
          "name": "Ghost Robotics (quadrupèdes)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Seegrid, ex-Box Robotics (nuages de points LiDAR 3D)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Trajekt Sports (lanceurs robotisés, Major League Baseball)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Rover Robotics (véhicules autonomes robustes)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-cyclonedds/cyclonedds/blob/master/src/core/ddsc/include/dds/dds.h",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel eclipse-cyclonedds",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "license",
            "open_source"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://projects.eclipse.org/projects/iot.cyclonedds",
          "publisher": "Eclipse Foundation",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "org",
            "org_country",
            "governance"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-cyclonedds/cyclonedds",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel (date de création)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "first_release"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-cyclonedds/cyclonedds/releases/tag/11.0.1",
          "publisher": "GitHub Releases, dépôt officiel",
          "date": "2026-03-20",
          "fields": [
            "latest_version"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/ros2/ros2_documentation/blob/rolling/source/Get-Started/Installation/RMW-Implementations.rst",
          "publisher": "ROS 2 documentation (dépôt officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "ros_support",
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.eclipse.org/community/eclipse_newsletter/2021/january/2.php",
          "publisher": "Eclipse Foundation Newsletter (article ADLINK)",
          "date": "2021-01-01",
          "fields": [
            "used_by"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-08-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "fast-dds",
      "name": "eProsima Fast DDS",
      "org": "eProsima",
      "org_country": "ES",
      "category": "transport",
      "license": "Apache-2.0",
      "open_source": true,
      "governance": "Entreprise unique (eProsima, PME espagnole fondée en 2004), qui dirige seule le développement ; une offre commerciale distincte, Fast DDS Pro, coexiste avec la version open source.",
      "ros_support": true,
      "first_release": 2014,
      "latest_version": "3.6.2 (2 juillet 2026, version open source)",
      "notable_en": "Fast DDS is the default middleware vendor of ROS 2 : the transport most robots running ROS 2 use without ever choosing it. It implements the OMG DDS 1.4 and RTPS 2.2 standards in C++.",
      "notable_fr": "Fast DDS est le middleware par défaut de ROS 2 : le transport qu'utilisent la plupart des robots sous ROS 2 sans jamais l'avoir choisi. Il met en œuvre les standards OMG DDS 1.4 et RTPS 2.2 en C++.",
      "used_by": [
        {
          "name": "Écosystème ROS 2 (fournisseur RMW par défaut)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "KUKA (automatisation industrielle)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Clearpath Robotics",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "iRobot (robotique grand public)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Rapyuta Robotics (robotique en nuage)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "ROBOTIS (servomoteurs DYNAMIXEL)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/eProsima/Fast-DDS",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel eProsima",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "license",
            "open_source",
            "first_release"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.eprosima.com/company",
          "publisher": "eProsima",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "org",
            "org_country",
            "governance"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/eProsima/Fast-DDS/releases/tag/v3.6.2",
          "publisher": "GitHub Releases, dépôt officiel",
          "date": "2026-07-02",
          "fields": [
            "latest_version"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.eprosima.com/company/customers",
          "publisher": "eProsima",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "used_by"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/ros2/ros2_documentation/blob/rolling/source/Get-Started/Installation/RMW-Implementations.rst",
          "publisher": "ROS 2 documentation (dépôt officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "ros_support",
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-08-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "zenoh",
      "name": "Eclipse Zenoh",
      "org": "Eclipse Foundation (projet Eclipse IoT, en incubation), contributeur principal ZettaScale Technology",
      "org_country": "BE",
      "category": "transport",
      "license": "EPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0",
      "open_source": true,
      "governance": "Committers de l'Eclipse Foundation (projet en incubation) ; ZettaScale Technology en est le principal contributeur et l'éditeur commercial.",
      "ros_support": true,
      "first_release": 2020,
      "latest_version": "1.10.0 (14 août 2026)",
      "notable_en": "Zenoh combines publish-subscribe, query and storage in one protocol, and targets links that DDS handles poorly: constrained devices, lossy networks, robot-to-cloud. It can replace DDS under ROS 2 through rmw_zenoh.",
      "notable_fr": "Zenoh réunit publication-abonnement, requêtes et stockage dans un seul protocole, et vise les liaisons que DDS gère mal : appareils contraints, réseaux instables, robot vers cloud. Il peut remplacer DDS sous ROS 2 via rmw_zenoh.",
      "trajectory": [
        {
          "date": "2020-01",
          "kind": "first_release",
          "direction": "neutral",
          "event_en": "The current official repository eclipse-zenoh/zenoh is created; a same-named predecessor at ADLINK dates back to 2017, with no sourced proof of code continuity.",
          "event_fr": "Le dépôt officiel actuel eclipse-zenoh/zenoh est créé ; un prédécesseur du même nom chez ADLINK remonte à 2017, sans preuve sourcée de continuité du code."
        }
      ],
      "used_by": [
        {
          "name": "TurtleBot 4 (plateforme robot mobile ROS 2)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Tractonomy Robotics (robots logistiques autonomes)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "DragonBot (diffusion de données capteurs en périphérie)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-zenoh/zenoh/blob/main/zenoh/Cargo.toml",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel (en-tête SPDX)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "license",
            "open_source"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://projects.eclipse.org/projects/iot.zenoh",
          "publisher": "Eclipse Foundation",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "org",
            "org_country",
            "governance"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-zenoh/zenoh",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel (création, premières étiquettes)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "first_release"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-zenoh/zenoh/releases/tag/1.10.0",
          "publisher": "GitHub Releases, dépôt officiel",
          "date": "2026-08-14",
          "fields": [
            "latest_version"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/ros2/rmw_zenoh",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel ros2/rmw_zenoh",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "ros_support"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://zenoh.io/usecases/",
          "publisher": "Eclipse Zenoh (site officiel du projet)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "used_by",
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-08-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "livekit",
      "name": "LiveKit",
      "org": "LiveKit, Inc.",
      "org_country": "US",
      "category": "transport",
      "license": "Apache-2.0",
      "open_source": true,
      "governance": "Société privée qui décide seule de la feuille de route du code open source et du service Cloud payant ; aucune fondation neutre.",
      "ros_support": true,
      "first_release": 2021,
      "latest_version": "1.13.6 (26 août 2026, serveur)",
      "notable_en": "LiveKit is the open-source WebRTC stack behind ChatGPT's voice mode, and since 2026 it has extended into robotics: Portal and ROS Portal, two Apache-2.0 packages for teleoperation, data recording and remote policy inference. Both repositories were created in April 2026 and the ROS 2 bridge is still a release candidate (v1.0.0-rc3, August 2026) with a handful of GitHub stars : the code is real and installable, but adoption is not yet there. Note the tension in its own positioning: the Portal announcement frames it as an alternative to ROS and DDS, while the robotics documentation presents a gateway towards ROS.",
      "notable_fr": "LiveKit est la pile WebRTC open source qui porte le mode vocal de ChatGPT ; depuis 2026 elle s'étend à la robotique avec Portal et ROS Portal, deux paquets Apache-2.0 pour la téléopération, l'enregistrement de données et l'inférence de politiques à distance. Les deux dépôts datent d'avril 2026 et la passerelle ROS 2 en est encore à une version candidate (v1.0.0-rc3, août 2026), avec une poignée d'étoiles GitHub : le code existe et s'installe, l'adoption non. À noter, une tension dans son propre discours : l'annonce de Portal le présente comme une alternative à ROS et DDS, quand la documentation robotique en fait une passerelle vers ROS.",
      "trajectory": [
        {
          "date": "2026-04",
          "kind": "component_launch",
          "direction": "opening",
          "event_en": "The robotics repositories livekit/portal and livekit/ros-portal are created under Apache-2.0 : the robotics offering is published code, not only a positioning page.",
          "event_fr": "Les dépôts robotiques livekit/portal et livekit/ros-portal sont créés sous Apache-2.0 : l'offre robotique est du code publié, pas seulement une page de positionnement."
        },
        {
          "date": "2026-08-11",
          "kind": "component_launch",
          "direction": "neutral",
          "event_en": "The ROS 2 bridge reaches v1.0.0-rc3: still a release candidate, with a handful of GitHub stars.",
          "event_fr": "La passerelle ROS 2 atteint la v1.0.0-rc3 : toujours une version candidate, avec une poignée d'étoiles GitHub."
        }
      ],
      "used_by": [
        {
          "name": "Skydio",
          "evidence": "declare",
          "detail": "Téléopération et observation à distance de drones ; étude de cas publiée par LiveKit."
        },
        {
          "name": "Polymath Robotics",
          "evidence": "declare",
          "detail": "Téléopération d'engins lourds hors-route ; étude de cas publiée par LiveKit, exigence de latence sous 100 ms."
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/livekit/livekit",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel LiveKit",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "license",
            "open_source",
            "latest_version"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/livekit/portal",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel LiveKit",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/livekit/ros-portal",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel LiveKit",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "ros_support",
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://livekit.com/blog/teleoperate-and-collect-robot-data-with-livekit-portal",
          "publisher": "LiveKit, Inc. (blog officiel)",
          "date": "2026-06-10",
          "fields": [
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr",
            "ros_support"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://docs.livekit.io/robotics/",
          "publisher": "LiveKit, Inc. (documentation officielle)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "ros_support",
            "category"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://livekit.com/customers",
          "publisher": "LiveKit, Inc. (site officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "used_by"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://livekit.com/customers/polymath",
          "publisher": "LiveKit, Inc. (site officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "used_by"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://livekit.com/pricing",
          "publisher": "LiveKit, Inc. (site officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "open_source",
            "governance"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://livekit.com/blog/and-were-live-kit",
          "publisher": "LiveKit, Inc. (blog officiel)",
          "date": "2021-07-07",
          "fields": [
            "first_release"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://livekit.com/legal/terms-of-service",
          "publisher": "LiveKit, Inc. (document légal officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "org",
            "org_country"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-08-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "webrtc",
      "name": "WebRTC",
      "org": "W3C (WebRTC Working Group) et IETF",
      "org_country": null,
      "category": "transport",
      "license": null,
      "open_source": true,
      "governance": "Le W3C rédige l'API navigateur sous engagement de brevets libres de redevance ; l'IETF normalise les protocoles réseau (RFC 8825 et suivantes). Aucune entreprise ni organisation unique ne contrôle la spécification.",
      "ros_support": false,
      "first_release": 2011,
      "latest_version": "Recommandation W3C du 13 mars 2025 (première Recommandation : 26 janvier 2021)",
      "notable_en": "WebRTC is the open standard for peer-to-peer realtime audio, video and data, jointly specified by the W3C and the IETF. In robotics it has become the workhorse of teleoperation : the transport layer underneath products such as LiveKit. It has no SPDX licence and no single country of origin: it is a specification, not a piece of software.",
      "notable_fr": "WebRTC est le standard ouvert du temps réel pair-à-pair pour l'audio, la vidéo et les données, normalisé conjointement par le W3C et l'IETF. En robotique, il est devenu le cheval de trait de la téléopération : la couche de transport sous des produits comme LiveKit. Il n'a ni licence SPDX ni pays d'origine unique : c'est une spécification, pas un logiciel.",
      "used_by": [
        {
          "name": "Transitive Robotics",
          "evidence": "third_party",
          "detail": "Connexion pair-à-pair directe au robot pour la téléopération, y compris derrière un pare-feu ; documenté sur leur propre page produit."
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/webrtc/",
          "publisher": "W3C (spécification officielle)",
          "date": "2025-03-13",
          "fields": [
            "latest_version",
            "governance"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.ietf.org/blog/webrtc-standardized/",
          "publisher": "IETF (blog officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "first_release",
            "governance"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8825/",
          "publisher": "IETF Datatracker (RFC 8825)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "governance",
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/Consortium/facts.html",
          "publisher": "W3C (page officielle)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "org",
            "org_country"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://transitiverobotics.com/caps/transitive-robotics/remote-teleop/",
          "publisher": "Transitive Robotics (page produit officielle)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "used_by"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-08-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "lerobot",
      "name": "LeRobot",
      "org": "Hugging Face, Inc.",
      "org_country": "US",
      "category": "robot-learning",
      "license": "Apache-2.0",
      "open_source": true,
      "governance": "Équipe LeRobot salariée de Hugging Face ; feuille de route décidée en interne, contributions externes par pull request.",
      "ros_support": false,
      "first_release": 2024,
      "latest_version": "0.6.1 (3 août 2026)",
      "notable_en": "LeRobot is Hugging Face's open-source library for real robots: a hardware-agnostic control interface, a standard dataset format (LeRobotDataset) for recording teleoperated demonstrations, and implementations of imitation-learning and vision-language-action policies such as ACT and SmolVLA. It deliberately sits outside ROS.",
      "notable_fr": "LeRobot est la bibliothèque open source de Hugging Face pour les robots réels : interface de contrôle indépendante du matériel, format de jeu de données normalisé (LeRobotDataset) pour enregistrer des démonstrations téléopérées, et implémentations de politiques d'apprentissage par imitation et vision-langage-action comme ACT et SmolVLA. Elle se tient délibérément hors de ROS.",
      "used_by": [
        {
          "name": "NVIDIA",
          "evidence": "third_party",
          "detail": "Parcours Isaac Lab / Isaac GR00T et tutoriel sim-to-real sur bras SO-101 : LeRobot y est l'interface de collecte de données, d'entraînement et de contrôle du robot réel."
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot/blob/main/LICENSE",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel Hugging Face",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "license",
            "open_source"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel Hugging Face",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "first_release",
            "latest_version"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://huggingface.co/docs/lerobot/en/index",
          "publisher": "Hugging Face (documentation officielle)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr",
            "ros_support",
            "category"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://docs.nvidia.com/learning/physical-ai/sim-to-real-so-101/latest/04-lerobot.html",
          "publisher": "NVIDIA (documentation officielle)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "used_by"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://huggingface.co/terms-of-service",
          "publisher": "Hugging Face, Inc. (document légal officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "org",
            "org_country"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-08-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "foxglove",
      "name": "Foxglove",
      "org": "Foxglove Technologies Inc.",
      "org_country": "US",
      "category": "observability",
      "license": "MPL-2.0 jusqu'à Foxglove 2.0 ; propriétaire depuis son annonce le 11 mars 2024",
      "open_source": false,
      "governance": "Entreprise unique (société du Delaware, siège à San Francisco) ; aucun comité externe.",
      "ros_support": true,
      "first_release": 2021,
      "latest_version": "3.0.0 (18 août 2026)",
      "notable_en": "Foxglove is the reference tool for inspecting, debugging and replaying robot data. It matters here as a cautionary tale as much as a tool: it was open source under MPL-2.0 and went closed-source on 11 March 2024. Its file format MCAP stayed open, and became the default rosbag2 format in ROS 2.",
      "notable_fr": "Foxglove est l'outil de référence pour inspecter, déboguer et rejouer des données de robots. Il compte ici autant comme mise en garde que comme outil : open source sous MPL-2.0, il est passé propriétaire le 11 mars 2024. Son format de fichier MCAP, lui, est resté ouvert et est devenu le format par défaut de rosbag2 dans ROS 2.",
      "trajectory": [
        {
          "date": "2024-03-11",
          "kind": "license_change",
          "direction": "closing",
          "event_en": "Foxglove 2.0 is announced: the application becomes proprietary and its source is no longer published. The MCAP file format stays open under MIT.",
          "event_fr": "Foxglove 2.0 est annoncé : l'application devient propriétaire et son code n'est plus publié. Le format de fichier MCAP, lui, reste ouvert sous licence MIT."
        }
      ],
      "used_by": [
        {
          "name": "Wayve (conduite autonome)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Breaker Industries (orchestration multi-robots air, terre et mer)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://foxglove.dev/blog/foxglove-2-0-unifying-robotics-observability",
          "publisher": "Foxglove Technologies Inc. (blog officiel)",
          "date": "2024-03-11",
          "fields": [
            "license",
            "open_source",
            "trajectory"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://discourse.openrobotics.org/t/foxglove-2-0-integrated-ui-new-pricing-and-open-source-changes/36583",
          "publisher": "Foxglove (annonce relayée sur Open Robotics Discourse)",
          "date": "2024-03-11",
          "fields": [
            "license",
            "open_source"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://foxglove.dev/blog/foxglove-vs-foxglove-studio-two-years-on",
          "publisher": "Foxglove Technologies Inc. (blog officiel)",
          "date": "2026-05-25",
          "fields": [
            "license",
            "open_source",
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://foxglove.dev/legal/terms",
          "publisher": "Foxglove Technologies Inc. (document légal officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "org",
            "org_country",
            "governance"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://medium.com/foxglove/introducing-foxglove-studio-99648294b1d3",
          "publisher": "Foxglove (blog officiel)",
          "date": "2021-01-01",
          "fields": [
            "first_release"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://docs.foxglove.dev/changelog",
          "publisher": "Foxglove Technologies Inc. (documentation officielle)",
          "date": "2026-08-18",
          "fields": [
            "latest_version"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://docs.foxglove.dev/docs/getting-started/frameworks/ros2",
          "publisher": "Foxglove Technologies Inc. (documentation officielle)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "ros_support"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://foxglove.dev/customers/wayve",
          "publisher": "Foxglove Technologies Inc. (site officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "used_by"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://foxglove.dev/customers/breaker-industries",
          "publisher": "Foxglove Technologies Inc. (site officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "used_by"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-08-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "rerun",
      "name": "Rerun",
      "org": "Rerun Technologies AB",
      "org_country": "SE",
      "category": "observability",
      "license": "MIT OR Apache-2.0",
      "open_source": true,
      "governance": "Entreprise unique (Stockholm) ; bibliothèque cœur publiée en open source, sans fondation ni comité externe documenté.",
      "ros_support": true,
      "first_release": 2023,
      "latest_version": "0.36.3 (26 août 2026)",
      "notable_en": "Rerun logs, visualizes and streams multimodal data (images, point clouds, tensors, time series) for robotics and computer vision. Its dedicated ROS 2 bridge repository was archived in January 2026; ROS 2 use now goes through the documented integration rather than a maintained bridge.",
      "notable_fr": "Rerun enregistre, visualise et diffuse des données multimodales (images, nuages de points, tenseurs, séries temporelles) pour la robotique et la vision par ordinateur. Son dépôt de pont ROS 2 dédié a été archivé en janvier 2026 : l'usage sous ROS 2 passe désormais par l'intégration documentée, non par un pont maintenu.",
      "trajectory": [
        {
          "date": "2026-01-19",
          "kind": "archived",
          "direction": "closing",
          "event_en": "The dedicated ROS 2 bridge repository rerun-io/rerun-ros is archived; ROS 2 use now relies on the documented integration rather than a maintained bridge.",
          "event_fr": "Le dépôt de pont ROS 2 dédié rerun-io/rerun-ros est archivé ; l'usage sous ROS 2 repose désormais sur l'intégration documentée et non sur un pont maintenu."
        }
      ],
      "used_by": [],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/rerun-io/rerun/blob/main/LICENSE-MIT",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel rerun-io",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "license",
            "open_source",
            "org"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/rerun-io/rerun/releases",
          "publisher": "GitHub Releases, dépôt officiel",
          "date": "2026-08-26",
          "fields": [
            "first_release",
            "latest_version"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/rerun-io/rerun-ros",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel rerun-io (archivé le 19 janvier 2026)",
          "date": "2026-01-19",
          "fields": [
            "ros_support",
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://rerun.io/docs/howto/integrations/ros2-nav-turtlebot",
          "publisher": "Rerun (documentation officielle)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "ros_support",
            "category"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/03/20/reruns-open-source-ai-platform-for-robots-drones-and-cars-revs-up-with-17m-seed/",
          "publisher": "TechCrunch (presse spécialisée, source secondaire assumée)",
          "date": "2025-03-20",
          "fields": [
            "org_country"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-08-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "mcap",
      "name": "MCAP",
      "org": "Foxglove Technologies Inc.",
      "org_country": "US",
      "category": "data-format",
      "license": "MIT",
      "open_source": true,
      "governance": "Détenu par Foxglove Technologies Inc., contributions externes acceptées, sans fondation indépendante, mais maintenu open source explicitement, indépendamment du passage de l'application Foxglove au propriétaire.",
      "ros_support": true,
      "first_release": 2022,
      "latest_version": "mcap-cli 0.3.0 (15 juillet 2026) ; composants versionnés séparément par langage",
      "notable_en": "MCAP is the container format for timestamped, multi-channel robot recordings, independent of the serialization used. It has been the default rosbag2 storage format in ROS 2 since the Iron release, ce qui en fait, in practice, the archive format of the field.",
      "notable_fr": "MCAP est le format conteneur des enregistrements robotiques horodatés multi-canaux, indépendant de la sérialisation employée. C'est le format de stockage par défaut de rosbag2 dans ROS 2 depuis la distribution Iron : c'est donc, en pratique, le format d'archive du domaine.",
      "trajectory": [
        {
          "date": "2024-03",
          "kind": "license_change",
          "direction": "opening",
          "event_en": "When the Foxglove application goes proprietary, MCAP is explicitly kept open source under MIT : the format outlived the closing of the tool that created it.",
          "event_fr": "Au moment où l'application Foxglove passe propriétaire, MCAP est explicitement maintenu open source sous licence MIT : le format a survécu à la fermeture de l'outil qui l'a créé."
        }
      ],
      "used_by": [
        {
          "name": "Écosystème ROS 2 (format par défaut de rosbag2 depuis Iron)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Anduril (systèmes autonomes de défense)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Wayve (conduite autonome)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Waabi (camions autonomes)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Dexterity (bras robotiques d'entrepôt)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        },
        {
          "name": "Norlab, Université Laval (laboratoire de robotique)",
          "evidence": "declare"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/foxglove/mcap/blob/main/LICENSE",
          "publisher": "GitHub, dépôt officiel foxglove/mcap",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "license",
            "open_source",
            "org"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://foxglove.dev/blog/introducing-the-mcap-file-format",
          "publisher": "Foxglove Technologies Inc. (blog officiel)",
          "date": "2022-01-01",
          "fields": [
            "first_release",
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/foxglove/mcap/releases",
          "publisher": "GitHub Releases, dépôt officiel",
          "date": "2026-07-15",
          "fields": [
            "latest_version"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://mcap.dev/",
          "publisher": "MCAP (site officiel du projet)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "used_by"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://discourse.openrobotics.org/t/psa-default-ros-2-bag-storage-format-is-changing-to-mcap-in-iron/28489",
          "publisher": "Open Robotics Discourse",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "ros_support",
            "used_by"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://foxglove.dev/blog/foxglove-vs-foxglove-studio-two-years-on",
          "publisher": "Foxglove Technologies Inc. (blog officiel)",
          "date": "2026-05-25",
          "fields": [
            "open_source",
            "governance"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-08-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "ros-industrial",
      "name": "ROS-Industrial",
      "org": "ROS-Industrial Consortium (Southwest Research Institute ; consortiums sœurs Fraunhofer IPA et ARTC/NTU)",
      "org_country": "US",
      "category": "middleware",
      "license": null,
      "open_source": true,
      "governance": "Consortiums régionaux à adhésion payante, pour les Amériques (SwRI depuis 2013), l'Europe (Fraunhofer IPA) et l'Asie-Pacifique (ARTC/NTU), qui orientent la feuille de route par des projets techniques financés par leurs membres ; le code reste publié en open source.",
      "ros_support": true,
      "first_release": 2012,
      "latest_version": null,
      "notable_en": "ROS-Industrial bridges the ROS ecosystem to industrial manipulators and factory automation hardware: drivers, MoveIt configurations, training material, CI tooling. It has no single licence or version number : it is dozens of separately versioned repositories under regional member-funded consortia rather than one company.",
      "notable_fr": "ROS-Industrial relie l'écosystème ROS aux bras manipulateurs et au matériel d'automatisation d'usine : pilotes, configurations MoveIt, supports de formation, outillage d'intégration continue. Il n'a ni licence ni numéro de version uniques : c'est un ensemble de dizaines de dépôts versionnés séparément, sous des consortiums régionaux financés par leurs membres plutôt que sous une entreprise.",
      "used_by": [],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://rosindustrial.org/history",
          "publisher": "ROS-Industrial Consortium (site officiel)",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "org",
            "governance",
            "first_release"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/ros-industrial",
          "publisher": "GitHub, organisation officielle ROS-Industrial",
          "date": "2026-08-27",
          "fields": [
            "open_source",
            "ros_support",
            "notable_en",
            "notable_fr"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "last_verified": "2026-08-27"
    }
  ]
}