{
 "dataset": "robots",
 "updated": "2026-07-09",
 "entities": [
  {
   "id": "tesla-optimus",
   "name": "Optimus",
   "maker": "Tesla",
   "maker_country": "US",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "pilot",
   "first_announced": 2021,
   "height_cm": 173,
   "weight_kg": 57,
   "payload_kg": 20,
   "runtime_h": null,
   "dof_total": null,
   "hands_dof": 22,
   "top_speed_ms": 2.2,
   "compute": "Tesla AI5 SoC (announced for V3)",
   "ai_stack": "End-to-end neural networks (vision-to-action); Grok voice integration",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Not for sale; internal Tesla factory use only, V3 volume production planned at Fremont from summer 2026",
   "target_markets": [
    "manufacturing",
    "logistics",
    "consumer"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "None announced; deployments confined to Tesla US factories",
   "notable_en": "Tesla's mass-market bet on general-purpose humanoids: Gen 3 hands (22 DOF) on a body slated for volume production from summer 2026. Musk frames Optimus as potentially Tesla's biggest product ever.",
   "notable_fr": "Le pari grand public de Tesla sur l'humanoïde généraliste : mains Gen 3 à 22 degrés de liberté et production de masse de la V3 annoncée à Fremont pour l'été 2026. Musk présente Optimus comme le plus gros produit potentiel de Tesla.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://optimusk.blog/blog/tesla-optimus-gen-3/",
     "publisher": "Optimusk (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "hands_dof",
      "compute"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://tomorrowdesk.com/info/optimus",
     "publisher": "TomorrowDesk",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "payload_kg",
      "top_speed_ms",
      "first_announced",
      "status"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://blog.robozaps.com/b/tesla-optimus-gen-3",
     "publisher": "RoboZaps (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability",
      "status"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "figure-03",
   "name": "Figure 03",
   "maker": "Figure AI",
   "maker_country": "US",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "pilot",
   "first_announced": 2025,
   "height_cm": 168,
   "weight_kg": 60,
   "payload_kg": 20,
   "runtime_h": 5,
   "dof_total": null,
   "hands_dof": 20,
   "top_speed_ms": 1.2,
   "compute": "Dual embedded low-power GPUs (onboard inference)",
   "ai_stack": "Helix vision-language-action (VLA) model",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Not sold individually; commercial fleet contracts (BMW, ~$25/robot-hour reported) and home alpha; BotQ plant sized for up to 12,000 units/year",
   "target_markets": [
    "manufacturing",
    "logistics",
    "home"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "BMW partnership runs at the US Spartanburg plant; no European deployment announced",
   "notable_en": "Third-generation humanoid designed around the Helix VLA model, with tactile fingertips (3 g sensitivity), palm cameras and 2 kW wireless charging. Announced October 9, 2025 and built for both home and commercial fleets.",
   "notable_fr": "Humanoïde de troisième génération conçu autour du modèle VLA Helix : bouts de doigts tactiles (sensibilité 3 g), caméras dans les paumes, charge sans fil 2 kW. Annoncé le 9 octobre 2025, pensé à la fois pour la maison et les flottes commerciales.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/introducing-figure-03",
     "publisher": "Figure AI (official)",
     "date": "2025-10-09",
     "fields": [
      "first_announced",
      "ai_stack",
      "availability"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://humanoid.guide/product/figure-03/",
     "publisher": "Humanoid.guide (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "payload_kg",
      "runtime_h",
      "hands_dof",
      "top_speed_ms",
      "compute"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://lumichats.com/blog/humanoid-robots-2026-tesla-optimus-figure-ai-unitree-complete-guide",
     "publisher": "LumiChats",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability",
      "status"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "boston-dynamics-atlas",
   "name": "Atlas (electric)",
   "maker": "Boston Dynamics",
   "maker_country": "US",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "pilot",
   "first_announced": 2024,
   "height_cm": 190,
   "weight_kg": 90,
   "payload_kg": 30,
   "runtime_h": 4,
   "dof_total": 56,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": null,
   "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Thor (announced 2025)",
   "ai_stack": "Large Behavior Models (with Toyota Research Institute); Google DeepMind partnership",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Commercial product launched at CES 2026; first fleets at Hyundai Metaplant America (Georgia) and Google DeepMind",
   "target_markets": [
    "manufacturing",
    "logistics"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "CE marking shown on the official spec sheet; no European deployments announced yet",
   "notable_en": "The most capable production humanoid on paper: 56 DOF, 50 kg burst / 30 kg sustained payload, IP67, autonomous 3-minute battery swap. Hyundai is building an automotive-grade supply chain around it.",
   "notable_fr": "L'humanoïde de série le plus capable sur le papier : 56 degrés de liberté, 50 kg en pointe / 30 kg en continu, IP67, échange de batterie autonome en 3 minutes. Hyundai construit autour de lui une chaîne d'approvisionnement de qualité automobile.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/atlas-spec-sheet.pdf",
     "publisher": "Boston Dynamics (official spec sheet)",
     "date": "2025-12-23",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "payload_kg",
      "runtime_h",
      "dof_total"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/blog/boston-dynamics-unveils-new-atlas-robot-to-revolutionize-industry/",
     "publisher": "Boston Dynamics (official)",
     "date": "2024-04-17",
     "fields": [
      "first_announced"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://markets.financialcontent.com/stocks/article/tokenring-2026-1-21-industrial-evolution-boston-dynamics-electric-atlas-reports-for-duty-at-hyundais-georgia-metaplant",
     "publisher": "FinancialContent",
     "date": "2026-01-21",
     "fields": [
      "availability",
      "status"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "agility-digit",
   "name": "Digit",
   "maker": "Agility Robotics",
   "maker_country": "US",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "production",
   "first_announced": 2019,
   "height_cm": 175,
   "weight_kg": null,
   "payload_kg": 16,
   "runtime_h": null,
   "dof_total": null,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": 1.8,
   "compute": null,
   "ai_stack": "Agility Arc cloud orchestration; learned and scripted skills",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "RaaS deployments (reported ~$30/robot-hour); multi-year GXO agreement; SPAC listing announced July 2026 ($2.5B)",
   "target_markets": [
    "logistics",
    "manufacturing"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "Schaeffler (DE) is a strategic investor and customer; commercial deployments so far are at US sites",
   "notable_en": "The only bipedal humanoid with sustained revenue-generating operations: over 100,000 totes moved at GXO and 8-hour daily shifts at Schaeffler's US plant. Next-gen version targets ~23 kg payload.",
   "notable_fr": "Le seul humanoïde bipède avec des opérations commerciales payantes dans la durée : plus de 100 000 bacs déplacés chez GXO et des postes de 8 heures quotidiens dans l'usine américaine de Schaeffler. La prochaine version vise environ 23 kg de charge utile.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content/digit-moves-over-100k-totes",
     "publisher": "Agility Robotics (official)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability",
      "status"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://icharles.com/articles/agility-digit-warehouse-deployment-amazon",
     "publisher": "iCharles",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "payload_kg",
      "top_speed_ms"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.techtimes.com/articles/319709/20260704/humanoid-robot-stock-agility-robotics-eyes-nasdaq-debut-25b-spac-deal.htm",
     "publisher": "TechTimes",
     "date": "2026-07-04",
     "fields": [
      "availability"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "apptronik-apollo",
   "name": "Apollo",
   "maker": "Apptronik",
   "maker_country": "US",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "pilot",
   "first_announced": 2023,
   "height_cm": 173,
   "weight_kg": 72.5,
   "payload_kg": 25,
   "runtime_h": 4,
   "dof_total": null,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": null,
   "compute": null,
   "ai_stack": "Google DeepMind partnership (Gemini Robotics)",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Pilots with Mercedes-Benz and GXO; volume manufacturing partnership with Jabil",
   "target_markets": [
    "manufacturing",
    "logistics"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "Mercedes-Benz (DE) is a pilot partner and investor",
   "notable_en": "Austin-based humanoid with NASA heritage, 25 kg payload and 4-hour swappable battery. One of the few Western humanoids paired with a frontier AI lab (Google DeepMind).",
   "notable_fr": "Humanoïde d'Austin à l'héritage NASA : 25 kg de charge utile et batterie échangeable de 4 heures. L'un des rares humanoïdes occidentaux adossé à un laboratoire d'IA de pointe (Google DeepMind).",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://apptronik.com/apollo",
     "publisher": "Apptronik (official)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "payload_kg",
      "runtime_h"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://blog.robozaps.com/b/apptronik-apollo-review",
     "publisher": "RoboZaps (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "status",
      "first_announced",
      "ai_stack"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/noticias/gxo-apollo-humanoid-robot/",
     "publisher": "Inspenet",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "1x-neo",
   "name": "NEO",
   "maker": "1X Technologies",
   "maker_country": "NO",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "pilot",
   "first_announced": 2023,
   "height_cm": 168,
   "weight_kg": 30,
   "payload_kg": 25,
   "runtime_h": 4,
   "dof_total": null,
   "hands_dof": 22,
   "top_speed_ms": 1.4,
   "compute": null,
   "ai_stack": "Redwood AI (1X generalist VLA) + onboard LLM; expert teleoperation fallback",
   "price_usd": 20000,
   "availability": "Pre-orders open ($20,000 or $499/month, $200 deposit); first US deliveries 2026, Europe targeted 2027",
   "target_markets": [
    "home",
    "consumer"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "Norwegian company (HQ Moss, Norway); European consumer launch targeted for 2027",
   "notable_en": "The first consumer humanoid sold at a fixed public price: a soft-bodied, tendon-driven 30 kg android for household chores, quiet at ~22 dB. Human teleoperators can assist remotely, which sparked a privacy debate at launch.",
   "notable_fr": "Le premier humanoïde grand public vendu à prix affiché : un androïde de 30 kg à corps souple et entraînement par tendons pour les tâches ménagères, silencieux (~22 dB). Des téléopérateurs humains peuvent l'assister à distance, ce qui a déclenché un débat sur la vie privée au lancement.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://www.1x.tech/neo",
     "publisher": "1X Technologies (official)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "payload_kg",
      "runtime_h",
      "top_speed_ms",
      "ai_stack"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.engadget.com/ai/1x-neo-is-a-20000-home-robot-that-will-learn-chores-via-teleoperation-040252200.html",
     "publisher": "Engadget",
     "date": "2025-10-28",
     "fields": [
      "price_usd",
      "availability"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://botinfo.ai/articles/1x-neo-home-robot",
     "publisher": "BotInfo (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "hands_dof",
      "availability"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "unitree-g1",
   "name": "G1",
   "maker": "Unitree Robotics",
   "maker_country": "CN",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "production",
   "first_announced": 2024,
   "height_cm": 127,
   "weight_kg": 35,
   "payload_kg": null,
   "runtime_h": 2,
   "dof_total": 23,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": 2.0,
   "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin (EDU configurations)",
   "ai_stack": "Open developer SDK (Python/C++/ROS2); RL-based locomotion",
   "price_usd": 16000,
   "availability": "On sale worldwide from $16,000; EDU configs $43,900-$73,900; Unitree shipped 5,500+ humanoids in 2025",
   "target_markets": [
    "research",
    "education"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "Widely distributed in Europe via resellers; de facto standard platform in EU robotics labs",
   "notable_en": "The robot that crashed humanoid pricing: a capable 23-DOF biped at $16,000. Unitree shipped more humanoids in 2025 than every competitor combined, making the G1 the default research platform worldwide.",
   "notable_fr": "Le robot qui a fait s'effondrer les prix des humanoïdes : un bipède capable à 23 degrés de liberté pour 16 000 $. Unitree a livré plus d'humanoïdes en 2025 que tous ses concurrents réunis, faisant du G1 la plateforme de recherche par défaut dans le monde.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://shop.unitree.com/products/unitree-g1",
     "publisher": "Unitree (official shop)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "price_usd",
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "top_speed_ms"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://botinfo.ai/articles/unitree-g1",
     "publisher": "BotInfo (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "dof_total",
      "runtime_h",
      "compute",
      "availability"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://lumichats.com/blog/humanoid-robots-2026-tesla-optimus-figure-ai-unitree-complete-guide",
     "publisher": "LumiChats",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability",
      "first_announced"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "unitree-h2",
   "name": "H2",
   "maker": "Unitree Robotics",
   "maker_country": "CN",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "production",
   "first_announced": 2025,
   "height_cm": 180,
   "weight_kg": 70,
   "payload_kg": 7,
   "runtime_h": 3,
   "dof_total": 31,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": null,
   "compute": null,
   "ai_stack": null,
   "price_usd": 29900,
   "availability": "On sale; base $29,900 (dexterous hands optional); North American distributor bundles from $40,900",
   "target_markets": [
    "research",
    "entertainment",
    "service"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "Available in Europe via Unitree's reseller network",
   "notable_en": "Unveiled October 2025 as the world's cheapest full-size humanoid ($29,900): 180 cm, 31 DOF, 7 kg payload (21 kg peak) and a bionic face aimed at human-facing roles.",
   "notable_fr": "Dévoilé en octobre 2025 comme l'humanoïde grande taille le moins cher du monde (29 900 $) : 180 cm, 31 degrés de liberté, 7 kg de charge utile (21 kg en pointe) et un visage bionique pensé pour les rôles au contact du public.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://technode.com/2025/10/20/unitree-unveils-h2-humanoid-robot-with-lifelike-design/",
     "publisher": "TechNode",
     "date": "2025-10-20",
     "fields": [
      "first_announced",
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://humanoid.press/database/humanoid-press-database-unitree-h2-bionic-humanoid-robot-specs/",
     "publisher": "Humanoid.press (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "dof_total",
      "payload_kg",
      "runtime_h"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://blog.robozaps.com/b/unitree-h2-review",
     "publisher": "RoboZaps (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "price_usd",
      "availability"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "fourier-gr-3",
   "name": "GR-3",
   "maker": "Fourier Intelligence",
   "maker_country": "CN",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "production",
   "first_announced": 2025,
   "height_cm": 165,
   "weight_kg": 71,
   "payload_kg": null,
   "runtime_h": 3,
   "dof_total": 55,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": null,
   "compute": null,
   "ai_stack": "Full-Perception Multimodal Interaction System (sight, sound, touch fusion)",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "On sale via international distributors; made its US debut at CES 2026",
   "target_markets": [
    "healthcare",
    "hospitality",
    "education"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "Sold via international distributors; Fourier's rehabilitation-robotics network already spans EMEA",
   "notable_en": "A 'Care-Bot' rather than a factory worker: 55 DOF, soft-touch shell and 31 pressure sensors for emotional, touch-driven interaction in eldercare and clinics, the leading care-focused humanoid positioning.",
   "notable_fr": "Un « Care-Bot » plutôt qu'un ouvrier d'usine : 55 degrés de liberté, revêtement doux et 31 capteurs de pression pour une interaction émotionnelle et tactile dans le soin et les cliniques : le positionnement « care » le plus abouti du marché.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://technode.com/2025/08/07/fourier-intelligence-unveils-the-care-bot-gr-3-its-first-full-sized-companion-humanoid-robot/",
     "publisher": "TechNode",
     "date": "2025-08-07",
     "fields": [
      "first_announced",
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://humanoid.guide/product/fourier-gr-3/",
     "publisher": "Humanoid.guide (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "dof_total",
      "runtime_h"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fourier-makes-ces-debut-with-gr-3-a-next-generation-care-focused-humanoid-robot-302654565.html",
     "publisher": "PR Newswire (Fourier)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability",
      "ai_stack"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "ubtech-walker-s2",
   "name": "Walker S2",
   "maker": "UBTech Robotics",
   "maker_country": "CN",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "production",
   "first_announced": 2025,
   "height_cm": 176,
   "weight_kg": null,
   "payload_kg": 15,
   "runtime_h": 2,
   "dof_total": 52,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": 2.0,
   "compute": null,
   "ai_stack": "BrainNet 2.0 + Co-Agent framework",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Mass production and deliveries since November 2025; Walker-series orders above 800M yuan (~$112M)",
   "target_markets": [
    "manufacturing",
    "logistics"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "None announced; deployments concentrated in Chinese EV and electronics plants (BYD, Zeekr, Foxconn, Dongfeng)",
   "notable_en": "First humanoid that swaps its own battery in 3 minutes for 24/7 operation. Backed by the largest disclosed humanoid order book in China (~$112M) and factory pilots across BYD, Nio, Zeekr and Foxconn.",
   "notable_fr": "Premier humanoïde qui échange lui-même sa batterie en 3 minutes pour fonctionner 24 h/24. Adossé au plus gros carnet de commandes humanoïdes divulgué en Chine (~112 M$) et à des pilotes en usine chez BYD, Nio, Zeekr et Foxconn.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-s2",
     "publisher": "UBTech (official)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "payload_kg",
      "availability"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://humanoid.press/database/humanoid-press-walker-s2/",
     "publisher": "Humanoid.press (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "dof_total",
      "top_speed_ms",
      "runtime_h"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://howaiworks.ai/blog/ubtech-walker-s2-factory-orders-2025",
     "publisher": "HowAIWorks",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability",
      "status"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "xpeng-iron",
   "name": "IRON (next-gen)",
   "maker": "XPeng",
   "maker_country": "CN",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "prototype",
   "first_announced": 2024,
   "height_cm": 178,
   "weight_kg": 70,
   "payload_kg": null,
   "runtime_h": null,
   "dof_total": 82,
   "hands_dof": 22,
   "top_speed_ms": null,
   "compute": "3x XPeng Turing AI chips (~3,000 TOPS)",
   "ai_stack": "XPeng VLT (Vision-Language-Task) + VLA + VLM stack, derived from autonomous driving",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Not for sale; mass production targeted for end of 2026, commercial service scenarios first (guides, retail)",
   "target_markets": [
    "retail",
    "service",
    "manufacturing"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "None; China-first commercial rollout by an EV maker with an existing European sales network",
   "notable_en": "The most human-like humanoid shown to date (spine, bionic muscles, flexible skin) and the first with a full solid-state battery. XPeng repositioned itself as a 'physical AI' company around it in November 2025.",
   "notable_fr": "L'humanoïde le plus proche de l'humain présenté à ce jour (colonne vertébrale, muscles bioniques, peau souple) et le premier doté d'une batterie tout solide. XPeng s'est repositionné autour de lui comme entreprise de « physical AI » en novembre 2025.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2025/11/05/xpeng-unveils-next-gen-iron-humanoid-robot/",
     "publisher": "CnEVPost",
     "date": "2025-11-05",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "dof_total",
      "hands_dof",
      "compute"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://technode.com/2025/11/05/xpeng-unveils-new-iron-humanoid-robot-with-full-solid-state-battery-and-ai-brain/",
     "publisher": "TechNode",
     "date": "2025-11-05",
     "fields": [
      "availability",
      "status"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.xpeng.com/news/019a56f54fe99a2a0a8d8a0282e402b7",
     "publisher": "XPeng (official)",
     "date": "2025-11-05",
     "fields": [
      "ai_stack",
      "availability"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "agibot-yuanzheng-a2",
   "name": "Yuanzheng A2",
   "maker": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)",
   "maker_country": "CN",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "production",
   "first_announced": 2024,
   "height_cm": 169,
   "weight_kg": 69,
   "payload_kg": null,
   "runtime_h": 2,
   "dof_total": 40,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": null,
   "compute": null,
   "ai_stack": "AgiBot foundation models (incl. GO-1); L4 autonomous navigation with 3D-SLAM",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Mass-produced; AgiBot delivered 5,100+ humanoids in 2025 (world #1 by volume), 10,000th robot in March 2026",
   "target_markets": [
    "service",
    "retail",
    "manufacturing"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "None announced; China-centric with stated international expansion plans",
   "notable_en": "Flagship of the world's highest-volume humanoid maker: AgiBot out-shipped every rival in 2025 (~39% of global volume). The A2 targets interactive service roles rather than heavy industry.",
   "notable_fr": "Porte-étendard du constructeur d'humanoïdes au plus gros volume mondial : AgiBot a livré plus d'unités que tout autre acteur en 2025 (~39 % du volume global). L'A2 vise les rôles de service interactif plutôt que l'industrie lourde.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A2",
     "publisher": "AgiBot (official)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "runtime_h",
      "dof_total",
      "ai_stack"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgiBot",
     "publisher": "Wikipedia",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "first_announced",
      "status"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/figure-agibot-mass-production/",
     "publisher": "Mike Kalil",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "astribot-s1",
   "name": "Astribot S1",
   "maker": "Astribot (Stardust Intelligence)",
   "maker_country": "CN",
   "category": "humanoid-wheeled",
   "status": "production",
   "first_announced": 2024,
   "height_cm": null,
   "weight_kg": null,
   "payload_kg": 10,
   "runtime_h": null,
   "dof_total": null,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": null,
   "compute": null,
   "ai_stack": null,
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Sold via distributors; research editions reported around $50,000, commercial deployments $96,000-$150,000 (unofficial)",
   "target_markets": [
    "research",
    "service",
    "hospitality"
   ],
   "emea_presence": null,
   "notable_en": "Went viral in April 2024 with superhuman arm speed: end-effectors move at 10+ m/s with 100 m/s2 acceleration and +/-0.1 mm repeatability on a wheeled base, the benchmark for fast dexterous manipulation.",
   "notable_fr": "Devenu viral en avril 2024 grâce à une vitesse de bras surhumaine : effecteurs à plus de 10 m/s, accélération de 100 m/s2 et répétabilité de ±0,1 mm sur base roulante : la référence de la manipulation rapide et précise.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://blog.robozaps.com/b/astribot-s1-review",
     "publisher": "RoboZaps (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "payload_kg",
      "availability"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://humanoid.press/database/database-astribot-s1/",
     "publisher": "Humanoid.press (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "first_announced",
      "status"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.originofbots.com/robot/astribot-s1-by-stardust-intelligence-details-specifications-rating",
     "publisher": "Origin of Bots (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "payload_kg"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "galbot-g1",
   "name": "Galbot G1",
   "maker": "Galbot (Galaxy General Robotics)",
   "maker_country": "CN",
   "category": "humanoid-wheeled",
   "status": "production",
   "first_announced": 2024,
   "height_cm": 173,
   "weight_kg": 85,
   "payload_kg": null,
   "runtime_h": 10,
   "dof_total": 47,
   "hands_dof": 12,
   "top_speed_ms": null,
   "compute": null,
   "ai_stack": "GraspVLA foundation model + AstraBrain (brain-cerebellum architecture)",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Deployed in 10+ unmanned Beijing pharmacies and Galbot retail stores in 30+ Chinese cities; industrial orders from CATL, Bosch, Toyota, Hyundai",
   "target_markets": [
    "retail",
    "logistics",
    "manufacturing"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "Industrial orders reported from Bosch (DE); no European retail deployments yet",
   "notable_en": "The strongest proof that wheeled humanoids monetize first: 24/7 unmanned pharmacies with 5,000 SKUs, 95%+ grasp success and 10-hour endurance, scaled to 30+ cities. Valued at $3B as of December 2025.",
   "notable_fr": "La meilleure preuve que les humanoïdes à roues se monétisent en premier : pharmacies sans personnel 24 h/24 avec 5 000 références, plus de 95 % de réussite de préhension et 10 heures d'autonomie, déployées dans plus de 30 villes. Valorisé 3 Md$ en décembre 2025.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://chozan.co/galbot-g1/",
     "publisher": "ChoZan",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability",
      "status",
      "runtime_h"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://blog.robozaps.com/b/galbot-g1-review",
     "publisher": "RoboZaps (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "dof_total",
      "hands_dof"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.aparobot.com/articles/galbot-g1-the-humanoid-robot-revolutionizing-retail-with-award-winning-precision",
     "publisher": "Aparobot",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "kepler-forerunner-k2",
   "name": "Forerunner K2 Bumblebee",
   "maker": "Kepler Robotics",
   "maker_country": "CN",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "production",
   "first_announced": 2024,
   "height_cm": 175,
   "weight_kg": 75,
   "payload_kg": 30,
   "runtime_h": 8,
   "dof_total": 52,
   "hands_dof": 11,
   "top_speed_ms": null,
   "compute": "100 TOPS onboard",
   "ai_stack": "Hybrid architecture (model-based + learned), Tesla-inspired",
   "price_usd": 30000,
   "availability": "Mass production since September 2025; base price $30,000; deployed at SAIC-GM plant in Shanghai",
   "target_markets": [
    "manufacturing",
    "logistics"
   ],
   "emea_presence": null,
   "notable_en": "Industrial humanoid with an aggressive value pitch: $30,000 base price, 8-hour runtime, 15 kg per arm, and Kepler claims the work output of ~1.5 full-time employees. Hands carry 25 force sensors per finger.",
   "notable_fr": "Humanoïde industriel au pitch économique agressif : 30 000 $ prix de base, 8 heures d'autonomie, 15 kg par bras, et Kepler revendique l'équivalent d'environ 1,5 employé à temps plein. Chaque doigt embarque 25 capteurs de force.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/kepler-debuts-k2-humanoid-robot",
     "publisher": "Interesting Engineering",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "payload_kg",
      "runtime_h",
      "dof_total",
      "hands_dof",
      "compute",
      "price_usd"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/09/26/kepler-begins-mass-production-of-hybrid-architecture-humanoid-robot/94916/",
     "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News",
     "date": "2025-09-26",
     "fields": [
      "status",
      "availability"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/kepler-robotics-showcases-k2-bumblebee-icra-2025/",
     "publisher": "The Robot Report",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "first_announced",
      "availability"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "neura-4ne-1",
   "name": "4NE1 (Gen 3)",
   "maker": "Neura Robotics",
   "maker_country": "DE",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "prototype",
   "first_announced": 2023,
   "height_cm": 180,
   "weight_kg": 80,
   "payload_kg": 20,
   "runtime_h": null,
   "dof_total": 55,
   "hands_dof": 12,
   "top_speed_ms": 1.39,
   "compute": "Qualcomm partnership (onboard AI compute)",
   "ai_stack": "NVIDIA Isaac GR00T; Neuraverse skill ecosystem",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Gen 3 premiered at Automatica 2025; first industrial units expected late 2026; reported list price 98,000 EUR (60,000 EUR at fleet scale)",
   "target_markets": [
    "manufacturing",
    "logistics",
    "service"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "German maker (Metzingen); flagship of Europe's humanoid robotics push, design by Studio F.A. Porsche",
   "notable_en": "Europe's leading humanoid contender: 55 DOF, touch-sensitive sensor skin, 20 kg arm payload (up to 100 kg leg-supported) and hot-swap batteries for 24/7 duty, engineered entirely in Germany.",
   "notable_fr": "Le principal challenger humanoïde européen : 55 degrés de liberté, peau sensitive au toucher, 20 kg de charge aux bras (jusqu'à 100 kg en appui jambes) et batteries échangeables pour un service 24 h/24, entièrement conçu en Allemagne.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://neurarobotics.px.media/plk/cE/NEURA_Robotics_4NE1_Datasheet_Web.pdf",
     "publisher": "Neura Robotics (official datasheet V7)",
     "date": "2026-06-05",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "payload_kg",
      "dof_total",
      "hands_dof",
      "top_speed_ms"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/products/4ne1/",
     "publisher": "Neura Robotics (official)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "status",
      "availability"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://botinfo.ai/articles/neura-robotics-humanoid",
     "publisher": "BotInfo (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability",
      "first_announced",
      "ai_stack"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "pal-talos",
   "name": "TALOS",
   "maker": "PAL Robotics",
   "maker_country": "ES",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "research",
   "first_announced": 2017,
   "height_cm": 175,
   "weight_kg": 95,
   "payload_kg": 6,
   "runtime_h": null,
   "dof_total": 32,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": 0.83,
   "compute": "2x Intel Core i7 (COM Express Type-6)",
   "ai_stack": "ROS/ROS2 whole-body torque control; full torque sensing at 2 kHz",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Sold to research institutions since 2017",
   "target_markets": [
    "research"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "Built in Barcelona; reference platform for Inria, LAAS-CNRS and EU humanoid research projects",
   "notable_en": "Europe's veteran torque-controlled research humanoid: full joint torque sensing and 6 kg payload per arm made it the workhorse of European humanoid labs long before the current wave.",
   "notable_fr": "Le vétéran européen de la recherche humanoïde à commande en couple : capteurs de couple dans toutes les articulations et 6 kg par bras en ont fait le cheval de trait des laboratoires européens bien avant la vague actuelle.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/talos/",
     "publisher": "PAL Robotics (official)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "payload_kg",
      "dof_total",
      "top_speed_ms",
      "compute"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/talos-humanoid-now-available-from-pal-robotics",
     "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "first_announced",
      "availability"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "enchanted-tools-mirokai",
   "name": "Mirokai",
   "maker": "Enchanted Tools",
   "maker_country": "FR",
   "category": "humanoid-wheeled",
   "status": "pilot",
   "first_announced": 2023,
   "height_cm": 122,
   "weight_kg": 26,
   "payload_kg": 1.5,
   "runtime_h": 4,
   "dof_total": null,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": 0.83,
   "compute": null,
   "ai_stack": "Multi-LLM conversational AI + autonomous navigation; 97% grasp success claimed",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Pilot deployments in French hospitals and hospitality; mass production targeted",
   "target_markets": [
    "healthcare",
    "hospitality"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "French maker (Paris); deployed at Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, accompanying children to radiotherapy",
   "notable_en": "France's character-driven social robot balancing on a ball: designed for warmth rather than payload, it escorts pediatric cancer patients into radiotherapy rooms where adults cannot go.",
   "notable_fr": "Le robot social français qui s'équilibre sur une boule : conçu pour la chaleur relationnelle plutôt que la charge utile, il accompagne les enfants atteints de cancer jusqu'en salle de radiothérapie, là où les adultes ne peuvent pas entrer.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/look-mirokai-robot-assists-hospital-172816274.html",
     "publisher": "Yahoo News",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "runtime_h",
      "top_speed_ms",
      "availability"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://enchanted.tools/robot/",
     "publisher": "Enchanted Tools (official)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "status",
      "ai_stack"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://humanoid.guide/product/mirokai/",
     "publisher": "Humanoid.guide (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "payload_kg",
      "first_announced"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "rainbow-rb-y1",
   "name": "RB-Y1",
   "maker": "Rainbow Robotics",
   "maker_country": "KR",
   "category": "humanoid-wheeled",
   "status": "production",
   "first_announced": 2024,
   "height_cm": 140,
   "weight_kg": 131,
   "payload_kg": 6,
   "runtime_h": 3,
   "dof_total": 24,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": 1.5,
   "compute": null,
   "ai_stack": "Open research platform for imitation learning and embodied-AI training",
   "price_usd": 80000,
   "availability": "Sold since 2024: $80,000 research edition, $120,000 commercial edition (pre-order pricing, VAT excluded)",
   "target_markets": [
    "research",
    "manufacturing"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "No dedicated EMEA operations; sold internationally to research labs",
   "notable_en": "Korea's first bimanual mobile manipulator and Samsung's entry ticket into humanoids: Samsung Electronics became Rainbow Robotics' largest shareholder, consolidating it as a subsidiary in 2025.",
   "notable_fr": "Premier manipulateur mobile bi-bras coréen et ticket d'entrée de Samsung dans les humanoïdes : Samsung Electronics est devenu le premier actionnaire de Rainbow Robotics, consolidée comme filiale en 2025.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rainbow-robotics-begins-pre-orders-of-bimanual-mobile-manipulator-rb-y1--the-worlds-first-research-platform-for-ai-experts-for-80-000-usd-302139719.html",
     "publisher": "PR Newswire (Rainbow Robotics)",
     "date": "2024-05-08",
     "fields": [
      "price_usd",
      "first_announced",
      "availability"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://humanoid.press/database/humanoid-press-database-rainbow-robotics-rb-y1/",
     "publisher": "Humanoid.press (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "dof_total",
      "payload_kg",
      "top_speed_ms",
      "runtime_h"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/rainbow-robotics-unveils-rb-y1-wheeled-two-armed-robot/",
     "publisher": "The Robot Report",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "status"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "booster-t1",
   "name": "Booster T1",
   "maker": "Booster Robotics",
   "maker_country": "CN",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "production",
   "first_announced": 2024,
   "height_cm": 118,
   "weight_kg": 30,
   "payload_kg": null,
   "runtime_h": 2,
   "dof_total": 23,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": null,
   "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin (200 TOPS) + Intel i7",
   "ai_stack": "Full API + ROS2; RL locomotion; RoboCup autonomy stack",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "On sale to developers and education; retail roughly $30,000-$34,000 depending on configuration; used by 50+ teams worldwide",
   "target_markets": [
    "research",
    "education",
    "entertainment"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "Distributed in Europe (e.g. Generation Robots, FR); used by European RoboCup and research teams",
   "notable_en": "The RoboCup 2025 AdultSize champion platform: a rugged, fall-recovering 118 cm developer humanoid (23 DOF base, up to 41 with dexterous hands) that became the standard body for embodied-AI competitions.",
   "notable_fr": "La plateforme championne RoboCup 2025 en catégorie AdultSize : un humanoïde développeur de 118 cm, robuste et capable de se relever (23 degrés de liberté, jusqu'à 41 avec mains dextres), devenu le corps standard des compétitions d'IA incarnée.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://www.booster.tech/booster-t1/",
     "publisher": "Booster Robotics (official)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "height_cm",
      "weight_kg",
      "dof_total",
      "runtime_h",
      "compute"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://botinfo.ai/articles/booster-t1-robot",
     "publisher": "BotInfo (tracker)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability",
      "first_announced"
     ]
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.generationrobots.com/en/404278-booster-t1-humanoid-robot.html",
     "publisher": "Generation Robots (EU distributor)",
     "date": "2026-07-09",
     "fields": [
      "availability",
      "emea_presence"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "last_verified": "2026-07-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "wandercraft-calvin-40",
   "name": "Calvin-40",
   "maker": "Wandercraft",
   "maker_country": "FR",
   "category": "humanoid-biped",
   "status": "pilot",
   "first_announced": 2025,
   "height_cm": 170,
   "weight_kg": 100,
   "payload_kg": null,
   "runtime_h": null,
   "dof_total": null,
   "hands_dof": null,
   "top_speed_ms": null,
   "compute": null,
   "ai_stack": "Contrôle auto-équilibré issu de 12 ans de R&D exosquelettes ; vision par caméras jour/nuit, commande vocale, capteurs de force dans les pieds",
   "price_usd": null,
   "availability": "Pilotes sur les lignes Renault ; 350 exemplaires annoncés en mars 2026 pour un déploiement sur 18 mois",
   "target_markets": [
    "manufacturing",
    "automotive"
   ],
   "emea_presence": "France : usines Renault (pôle ElectriCity), premiers déploiements depuis début 2026",
   "notable_en": "The only French humanoid actually working on automotive lines: built in 40 days on 12 years of self-balancing exoskeleton expertise, backed by a Renault minority stake, with 350 units announced in March 2026 for Renault plants over 18 months.",
   "notable_fr": "Le seul humanoïde français réellement à l'oeuvre sur des lignes automobiles : construit en 40 jours sur 12 ans d'expertise d'exosquelettes auto-équilibrés, soutenu par une prise de participation de Renault, avec 350 exemplaires annoncés en mars 2026 pour les usines Renault sur 18 mois.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://en.wandercraft.eu/calvin-40",
     "publisher": "Wandercraft (officiel)",
     "date": "2026-07-11",
     "fields": [
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     "publisher": "The Robot Report",
     "date": "2025-06-10",
     "fields": [
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    {
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     "publisher": "Enerzine",
     "date": "2026-03-30",
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    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.aparobot.com/robots/calvin-40",
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     "date": "2026-07-11",
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    }
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  }
 ]
}